Waka, Tanka Poezija - Waka, Tanka poetry

Što je waka?

Waka poezija ili "tanka" stara je 13. stoljeća, datira sa Kroniko Kojiki iz 712. g. Dok je haiku više muška pjesma, waka je ženska, elegantna, lijepa, mekana. Waka se sastoji iz dvije strofe.

Prva je "kami-no-ku", od tri stiha sa po redom - 5,7,5 slogova. Druga strofa se zove "shomo-no-ku", od dva stiha sa - 7,7 slogova.

Čitava waka ima slogovni metar 5,7,5,7,7.

Waka je gotovo uvijek izrazito završena, zatvorena pjesma, dok je haiku otvoren. Budistički religiozno "moralistička" waka zove se "doka".

"Danas se uobičajeno razlikuju tri stila wake. Yugen je stil "tajnovitosti i dubine", on poseže za skrivenim, čak i neizgovorljivom istinom kroz duboko uvjerenje i osjećaj. Ushin je stil "intenzivnog osjećaja" u kojem pjesnika vodi strastveno uvjerenje u neku emocionalnu istinu subjektivno iskazanu. Označava ga snaga i cjelovitost osjećaja. Kao treći postoji stil Mushin, vedar pristup koji nudi malo olakšanja od ozbiljnijih stilova Yugen i Ushin.

U ovome pjesnik može biti bezbrižan i šaljiv, čak nepoštedan. Njegovo se nasljedstvo uočava u haiku Isse, a često se javlja i u današnjem senryu navodi Gerald St. Maur.

Zapadnjačko pjesništvo općenito shvaća vrijeme kao jednostavan trio - prošlost, sadašnjost, budućnost – ali japanski jezik, kroz oblik i ugođaj, prirodno dopušta širi raspon shvaćanja. Općenito govoreći, to bogatstvo se izražava na dva načina: svijest o prošlosti u odnosu na sadašnjost; te višestrana svijest o poetskom trenutku.

Gerald St. Maur ističe da: "...Potraga za haiku Gralom lako može odvesti u asketizam, pa iako to nije prokletstvo, ipak skreće pozornost na ograničenja koja haiku, kao i bilo koja poetska forma, nužno mora imati."

Waka pruža omiljeno rješenje tog problema, ima skoro dvostruko više prostora od haikua, više nego dostatno da omogući jedan ili dva zaokreta unutar pet stihova, daleko više se razigrati, i s više nijansi.
U haiku i waka pjesništvu ništa nije važnije od tona, naglasak na tonu, ona kvaliteta koja jasno označava odnos pjesnika: prema predmetu, prema čitatelju i prema samome sebi.

About waka

http://www.shef.ac.uk/japan2001/introduction.shtml

Waka were first composed, before the advent of writing in Japan, to celebrate victories in battle and love, or for religious reasons, and this tradition of poetry for public occasions carried through to the first great age of written waka in the seventh and eighth centuries, with highly wrought nagauta 'long poems', consisting of alternating 'lines' of five and seven syllables, being composed for performance on public occasions at the imperial court. At the same time, tanka 'short poems', consisting of five 'lines' in the pattern of 5-7-5-7-7 syllables, became a useful shorthand for private communication between friends and lovers, and the ability to compose a tanka on a given topic became an essential skill for any gentleman or lady at court. Over time, the tanka became the premier poetic form for the Japanese aristocracy and nobles competed to produce ever better examples of the art in poetry competitions, while critics formulated elaborate critiques and definitions of what was 'acceptable' poetry.

Eventually, the tanka of the court became ossified, and the vitality of waka was transferred to a new form, renga 'linked verse' which pairs or groups of poets would compose jointly, with one poet supplying the initial 5-7-5 of a verse and another the concluding 7-7, often building up to hundred verse sequences. Finally, the initial 5-7-5 of a renga became a poetic form on its own, the haiku, and great poets came to be found among the samurai warriors and the townsfolk of early modern Japan.

--------------------------------------

Bez tebe u blizini
pateći prolaze dani
u žalosnoj tišini
cvijeće pognuto na kiši
obasipa pupoljke mjesečinom

Gerard John Conforti, USA

Without you near me
the suffering days go on
in mournful silence
the flowers bow in the rain
pelting the buds in moonlight

--------------------------------------

Ove studene noći
ona savija ruke i noge
počivajući glavu
na koljenima
sjedeći kao otok

R.K.Singh, Indija

This chilly night
she folds her arms and legs
resting her head
upon the knees and sits
as an island

--------------------------------------

Oltar oslikan
Biblijskim motivima za one
koji ne mogu citati.
Oni zure u obožavanju priča
o čudima - i znanom Bogu.

James Kirkup, Andora

Painted alter scenes
from the Scriptures,
for those who could not read.
They gazed in adoration at tales
of miracles - and knew God.

--------------------------------------

tetoviran na
ramenu lezi leptir
šarenih boja,
dodirom prstiju ti
maziš leptira

Borivoj Bukva, Croatia

multicolored
tattooed butterfly
on my shoulder
your fingertips
touch the butterfly

--------------------------------------

niz tijelo ti
dok kukovima njišeš
haljina klizi,
u mene zagledana -
oči ti kriju nemir

Borivoj Bukva, Croatia

down your body,
as your hips are dangling,
your dress is sliding,
starting at me -
anxiety hidden in your eyes

--------------------------------------

U tom krhkom čamcu
veslam između dva neba:
Gle gore! Gle dolje!
Osjećaj golog straha
Naša beskrajna malenkost.

H.F.Noyes, Greece

In this frail boat
Rowing between two firmaments:
Look up! Look down!
Feeling with naked awe
Our infinite smallness.

--------------------------------------

hladna zimska noć
mrak razbijen
svjetlucanjem
bliješteće žeravice
i tvog osmijeha

Giovani Malito, Ireland

cold winter night
darkness broken
by the flicker
of flaring embers
and your smile

--------------------------------------

minuo sjaj...
od zvezde samo iskre
repatice
dok gledam ambis neba
ja zaboravljam želju

Stojanovski Bogdanka, Serbia and Montenegro

past shine...
from the star only the sparks
of stardust
till I observe abyss of sky
and forget a wish

--------------------------------------

Iz sna
zakoračih u baštu
punu rose -
ni slutio nisam
kako jutra mirišu.

Dušan Mihajilović - Adski, Serbia and Montenegro

From a dream
I stepped in the garden
full of dew -
didn't even imagine
how morning smell.

--------------------------------------

Žuti Hong - Ho
teče preda mnom
odbijajući sunčevu svjetlost;
čak ni sad ne mogu da vjerujem
da si zaista umro prošle noći.

Aya Yki, Japan

The yellow Hwang Ho
Flowed down in front of me
Reflecting sunlight;
Even now I can't believe
That your surely died last night.

--------------------------------------

planinski vijenac
uranja u tamu
sutona
samo zamišljam
sićušne obrise uspavanih ptica

Sakurako Makita, Japan

the whole mountain range
has fallen into darkness
complete at sundown
I am just imagining
the small shapes of sleeping birds

--------------------------------------

Zimska morska magla:
njeni svijetli komadi neprozirne pare
kruže oko
mog broda, kao duhovi gusara
koji žele da se ukrcaju.

Ertore Jose Palmero, Argentina

Wintry marine mist:
its light shreds of opaque gauze
are going the rounds
my ship, like ghosts of corsairs
that are eager to board it.

--------------------------------------

Tmina borova
oko našeg doma, ali
u daljini vrhovi breza
hvataju svjetlo
koje uvijek, uvijek sija.

Truus Soutendijk, Netherlands

Dark the pine trees
around our home, but
the tops of the birch trees
beyond, are catching the light
the ever, whosesoever, shines.

--------------------------------------

Sestra iz džepa
mjesto toplomjera
pruži penkalu.
Pod pokrivačima porast
smijeha i topline.

Zdenko Oreč, Croatia

From her pocket
instead of thermometer
the nurse hands over the pen.
Under blankets the increase
of laughter and temperature.

--------------------------------------

Ljepljive suze
mirisave od nade
osušile se -
na kori smreke
znak za rušenje.

Masa Bambić, Croatia

Sticky teardrops
smelling by hope
get dry -
on the bark of a fir-tree
there is a sign for an axe.

--------------------------------------

Veliki snijeg,
zaleđeno jezero,
tužni labudi.
Hoće li naći nešto
da ubace u kljun?

Dina Franin, Croatia

Very heavy snow,
the lake is covered with ice,
several sad swans.
Will they be able to find
something to throw in the bill?

--------------------------------------

Dah njegov vreli
kao misao joj dolazi.
Spoznala ga je
u ljuljačci od sna i
zlaćaste paučine.

Biljana Bokun - Lora, USA/Croatia

His warm breath
crosses her mind as a thought.
She unveiled him
in a swing of dreams and
a golden web.

--------------------------------------

Vrh planine.
Stojim iznad oblaka
i gledam u nebo -
plavo na horizontu.
Zaželih biti anđeo!

Borivoj Bukva, Croatia

Mountaintop.
I stand above a cloud
watching the sky -
blue at the horizon.
Wish I were an angel!

waka - Borivoj Bukva

waka - Borivoj Bukva
paint - Biljana Bokun - Lora

--------------------------------------

Krici galeba
val o hridi udara.
Iskra u oku
sagorjela od želje,
u pjenu se pretvara.

Biljana Bokun - Lora, USA/Croatia

Cries of a seagull
wave strikes the reef.
Spark in the eye
burning from desire,
turns into foam.

--------------------------------------

Zvijezda na nebu.
Njeno sjećanje kruni
se kao latice
usnulog krina. Negdje
glas frule tuzi...

Biljana Bokun - Lora, USA/Croatia

A star in the sky.
Her memory falls off
like pearls of a sleeping lily. From afar
the sound of a flute mourning...

--------------------------------------

Škripa prozora,
jato golubova na
sims sleće. Ručak.
Najsmeliji iz pune
šake, ostali - mrve.

Marina Pop Cenić, Serbia and Montenegro

Windows` creak
flock of pigeons
alights on sill. Lunch.
High spirited from filled
palm, others - aces.

vrh - top

Waka Tanka poezija - Waka Tanka poetry